Professor Kaiser thinks that, although 200,000 or so Tories (royalists) were driven out, quite a few returned:
"The crisis of 1774-1794 (latter date approximate) overthrew British rule, drove perhaps 200,000 Tories out of the new nation (although quite a few eventually returned)..." DK
Below is a 2016 post of mine.
My information below regarding royalists driven out, never to return, and the consequences, was based on passages in R R Palmer's wonderful work, in 2 volumes, The Age of the Democratic Revolution. Volume I, as I recall.
As Palmer pointed out, these exiles became the English speaking population of Canada. They did not return to the United States, at least according to Palmer.
Barbara Tuchman, The Proud Tower, said that colonial 'elites', (faux) lower gentry, and the town brahmins (smugglers), originally intended, under the Constitution, to govern, had already abandoned direct personal involvement in government as politicians by 1830, around the time of the accession of Jackson.
I would just add that these colonial elite folks Tuchman referred to, were not the most elite or royalist element (such as it was) in colonial society, but rather the contrary, were jacobins, religious radicals, traitors, and opportunists, and were not at all the royalist elites whom Palmer pointed out were expelled, never to return, or the so called Tories referred to by Professor Kaiser as having returned.
As Palmer pointed out, these exiles became the English speaking population of Canada. They did not return to the United States, at least according to Palmer.
Barbara Tuchman, The Proud Tower, said that colonial 'elites', (faux) lower gentry, and the town brahmins (smugglers), originally intended, under the Constitution, to govern, had already abandoned direct personal involvement in government as politicians by 1830, around the time of the accession of Jackson.
I would just add that these colonial elite folks Tuchman referred to, were not the most elite or royalist element (such as it was) in colonial society, but rather the contrary, were jacobins, religious radicals, traitors, and opportunists, and were not at all the royalist elites whom Palmer pointed out were expelled, never to return, or the so called Tories referred to by Professor Kaiser as having returned.
Thursday, July 28, 2016
CONSERVATISM HERE MEANS THE HOBBESIAN STATE OF NATURE ANARCHISM
"...solitary, cruel, nasty, brutish, and short."
There are well founded grounds for this interpretation, going back to before the founding.
You may say that that is not constitutional conservatism, which after all was representative, and required minimal property qualifications.
Our constitutional conservatism, in that sense, is really what liberalism has always meant elsewhere.
So, what happened to actual conservatives, conservatives in the sense of conservative at the time of the founding and the American Rebellion?
They were usually called royalists, Whigs or Tories, whether they favored an aristocracy, a monarchy, or both.
They emigrated and never came back.
There was no successful counterrevolution here, as there was in the rest of Western Civilization, including France, the second pariah state I previously had mentioned.
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