CHINA AS GLOBAL CITIZEN

It really is a sort of similar thing to what I was saying, back then, about Japan's intentions, which remain the same, 30 years ago now, all over again, but now in a much much more serious situation, going forward, than 1985.

http://williamacallahan.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10Callahan-TX-ISR-08.pdf

Take a look at p 750. This was cited in Pillsbury, Ch 1 fn 36

Here is an especially wholesome and charming passsage about global citizenship:

In current discussions of world order, it is popular to see traditional China as a benevolent and magnanimous empire that provided peace and stability for centuries before the arrival of Western imperialism in the nineteenth century. This narrative is now used in Chinese and Western IR texts to explain why China is not a threat to world order in the twenty-first century (Li 1999; Zhang 2001; Kang 2007). Yet this comparison of a war-mongering Westphalian Europe with a peace-loving imperial China employs a very narrow definition of ‘‘war’’ as an inter-state phenomena, and a very shallow understanding of China’s historical experience (Kang 2003:65–66; Hui 2008). Actually, the Chinese state was often engaged in violent interactions with states and semi-states along its frontiers. In its first century, the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) expanded massively in the west, including a struggle over the northwest frontier with Czarist Russia and the Mongolian Zunghar state that lasted into the 1770s. Rather than being a case of Western imperial incursion into China (as it is presented in China’s modern history textbooks), this episode is better understood as a violent struggle between three empires—the Manchu Qing, Czarist Russia, and the Mongolian Zunghar—which resulted in the annihilation of the Zunghar as a people...