"...Nationalism, in the extended sense in which I am using the word, includes such movements and tendencies as Communism, political Catholicism, Zionism, Antisemitism, Trotskyism and Pacifism. It does not necessarily mean loyalty to a government or a country, still less to one's own country, and it is not even strictly necessary that the units in which it deals should actually exist. To name a few obvious examples, Jewry, Islam, Christendom, the Proletariat and the White Race are all of them objects of passionate nationalistic feeling: but their existence can be seriously questioned, and there is no definition of any one of them that would be universally accepted..." G Orwell, in DK post
In this use of the term nationalism there are hidden many different kinds of confusion and conflation.
For example, there are what I would call civilizations and civilizationalism, such as Islam and Christendom, which also have religious cultural and ethnic component, on the one hand, and secular pan civilizational ideologies like Communism and Trotskyism, cutting across and negating various civilizational characteristics, on the other.
Neither of these bears a close resemblance to what has come to ve loosely defined as nationalism.
There are other such distinctions one can make, omitted here, that render the use of the term nationalism useless to define them for almost any well defined purpose.
There is really no all purpose term of abuse available here.
Using the term as a catch all bogey for all forms of bias, tyranny, dogmatism, fanatacism, and illiberalism fails to capture them, on the one hand, or to preserve what is good and essential in the concept of nationalism, on the other.
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