If the final arbiter of the concept of identity in some cases is based on the so called 'sense' of smell, rather than on reason predicated on a dualism of sensation and reflection based on sense data, data based classically and usually on the sense of sight, where does that leave traditional dualist epistemology, and dualist metaphysics?
Think of it as an ' Anti Cartesian Smell Test '.
Of course, the smell test can be confounded: your cat, whose enemy (your other cat) has rubbed against your leg, may bite you.
Importantly, your biting cat did not make a 'mistake' about your other cat's identity.
On the other hand, no ape, etc., would have mistaken Esteban Miranda for Tarzan, up close. Neither Cartesian deception, nor Cartesian dualism, are 'options' here.
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